ACADEMIC
SUCCESS CENTER (ASC)

When using Academic Writer to generate a citation, remove proxy information from the source, as shown below.

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Incorrect

• Ambrose, A. (1963). The age of onset of ambivalence in early infancy: Indications from the study of laughing. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 4(3–4), 167–181. https://doi-org.proxy1.jiu.edu.ca/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1963.tb02119.x

Corrected

• Ambrose, A. (1963). The age of onset of ambivalence in early infancy: Indications from the study of laughing. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 4(3–4), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1963.tb02119.

The word “Figure” and the number should be bolded.

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• Example: Figure 1

The figure title is in title case and italics. 

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• Example: APA Checklist

All headings are bold.

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Headings 3 & 5 are italicized. 

Two authors: For works with two authors, use an ampersand (&) in parenthetical in-text citations: (Guirrez & Castillo, 2020) and use the word "and" in narrative in-text citations: Guirrez and Castillo (2020).

Three or more authors: Use the first author's name followed by et al. in-text and parenthetically from the first citation onward.

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Parenthetical Citations: Place the author's name and publication year in parentheses.

Narrative Citations: Incorporate the author's name into the text as part of the sentence and then follow with the year in parentheses.

Double-space all paper. Do not add extra lines before or after headings or between paragraphs.

Bulleted items that are complete sentences must start with a capital letter and end with a punctuation mark.

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There are two options for punctuating bulleted lists consisting of items listed as words or phrases.

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• Do not use any punctuation after bulleted items.

• Insert punctuation after bulleted items as if the items were not in list form.

Use a serial comma when a list in a sentence contains three or more items.

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Use semicolons if any of the items already have a comma.

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For increased attention to items, use lowercase letters in parentheses before each item.

Use a space after a period or other punctuation mark at the end of a sentence.

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Use a serial comma before the last item in lists of three or more items (i.e., Oxford Comma).

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Use parentheses to highlight in-text citations.

When writing, always be sure to select words that are specific, clear, and free of bias or harmful connotations.

The "References" tag should be formatted as a level 1 heading.

Capitalize titles in sentence case: Capitalize only the first word of the title, the subtitle, and all proper nouns.

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Example: The APA Handbook: Seventh Edition

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• Present both DOIs and URLs as hyperlinks (for example, starting with "HTTPS:").

• List the surnames and initials of up to 20 authors.

• Only use "Retrieved from" if the date of recovery is needed.

• Do not add a period after the DOI or URL.

• Omit the publisher if the author and publisher match precisely.

• Do not include publishers' physical locations.

The singular "they" is approved as part of the APA style because it includes all people and helps writers avoid gender assumptions.

Use a space after a period or other punctuation at the end of a sentence.

Number the tables in the order they are mentioned in the text.

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Only include borders at the top and bottom of the table, below column headings, and above column keys.

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Do not use vertical borders or borders around each table cell.

The word "Table" and the number should be in bold.

• Example: Table 1

The title of the table is in case and italics.

• ABS checklist

The running title is no longer a mandatory element of the title page.

Top right corner page number.

The title should be capitalized, bold, centered, and located in the top half of the title page.